The study proposed the hypothesis that the sister C1e and C1f subclades had split early from the most recent common ancestor of the C1 clade and had evolved independently. Turkey is the only country that includes a sizeable percentage of Asian and African haplogroups not listed in this table (A, ExE1b1b, C, H, L, O, R2) representing 8.5% of the total. They proposed that both subclades were brought to Iceland through the Vikings, however C1e went extinct on mainland northern Europe due to population turnover and its small representation, and subclade C1f went extinct completely. This was probably at least 60,000 years ago. It originated some 60,000 years ago at the confine of North-East Africa and the Middle East, soon after the first Homo Sapiens ventured out of Africa. It is therefore hypothesized that Haplogroup C-M130 either originated or underwent its longest period of evolution in the greater Central Asian region or in Southeast Asian regions. This macro-haplogroup is known as haplogroup M8'CZ or simply as haplogroup M8. [6][7][8] Haplogroup C is one of five mtDNA haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas,[5] the others being A, B, D, and X. The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree. The table below shows the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, based on relevant studies, for various ethnic and other notable groups from Europe.The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations shown in the first two columns; the third column gives the sample size studied; and the other columns … Iceland was settled by the Vikings 1,130 years ago and they had raided heavily into western Russia, where the sister subclade C1f is now know to have resided. This led to considerable confusion. [1] The haplogroup is also found with moderate to low frequency among many present-day populations of Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Southwest Asia. It has not been detected in modern populations. It is also found at a medium frequency in Koreans, indigenous inhabitants of the Russian Far East, certain Aboriginal Australians groups and at moderate frequencies elsewhere throughout Asia and Oceania. Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a). 2014)", http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2015/02/10/013433.full.pdf, "The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow", "Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation", "Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman", "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions", "High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas", "Genetic Admixture History of Eastern Indonesia as Revealed by Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis", "Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia", http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0076748, https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/mintamil/k1GofGgPfXY, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haplogroup_C-M130&oldid=985608343, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, C-B66/Z16458 (C1b1a) is found at low frequencies in, C-M356 (C1b1a1; previously C5) has been detected with low frequency in samples from, C-P33 (C1b2a1a): found at high frequencies among, C-P55 (C1b3) is found at low frequency in the. Haplogroup C-M130 seems to have come into existence shortly after SNP mutation M168 occurred for the first time, bringing the modern Haplogroup CT into existence, from which Haplogroup CF, and in turn Haplogroup C, derived. It is suggested that C-M130 was found in Eastern Eurasian hunter gatherers as well as in ancient samples of East and Southeast Asia and Europe. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. The other haplogroups of Aboriginal Australians is similar to Papuans or other Negritos (Haplogroup S-M230 and M-P256).[10][11]. This article is about the human Y-DNA haplogroup. Frequencies in European ethnic groups. Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup CF alongside Haplogroup F. Haplogroup C is found in ancient populations on every continent except Africa and is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among males belonging to many peoples indigenous to East Asia, Central Asia, Siberia, North America and Australia as well as ancient and modern populations in Europe, the Levant Haplogroup C-M130 attains its highest frequencies among the indigenous populations of Kazakhstan, Mongolia, the Russian Far East, Polynesia, certain groups of Australia, and at moderate frequency in Korea and Manchu people. I noticed on the Bosniak DNA Project and on the Yfull tree, haplogroups that are not at all typical of Europe. C-L1373/F1396 (C2b) has been identified in Central Asia. The distribution of Haplogroup C-M130 is generally limited to populations of Siberia, parts of East Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. It is a descendant of the haplogroup M. Haplogroup C shares six mutations downstream of the MRCA of haplogroup M with haplogroup Z and five mutations downstream of the MRCA of haplogroup M with other members of haplogroup M8. Unspecified instances of C-M130, which possibly may belong to one of the above subclades, include: "C-M216", an SNP that is now regarded as synonymous with C-M130 – (xM8, M38, M217, M210, M356) have been found in 3.9% (3/77) of a sample of the general population of, This page was last edited on 26 October 2020, at 22:06. Due to the tremendous age of Haplogroup C, numerous secondary mutations have had time to accumulate, and many regionally important subbranches of Haplogroup C-M130 have been identified. J D Cristofaro et al., 2013, "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge". The maps on this page represents the distribution of Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups.A mtDNA haplogroup is a group of people sharing the same series of mutations on their mitochondrial genome, which they inherited from a long line of common maternal ancestors. Whereas Haplogroup D is found at high frequencies only amongst Tibetans, Japanese peoples, and Andaman Islanders, and has been found neither in India nor among the aboriginal inhabitants of the Americas or Oceania. Haplogroup C is found in Northeast Asia[5] (including Siberia) and the Americas. ), 崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』（勉誠出版 2009年）(in Japanese), Ancestral DNA, Human Origins, and Migrations - Rene J. Herrera, Ralph Garcia-Bertrand 2018. Haplogroup C2 (M217) – the most numerous and widely dispersed C lineage – which is believed to have originated in Southwest/Central Asia, spread from there into Northern Asia and the Americas. [12], In 2015, a study conducted in the Aconcagua mummy identified its mtDNA lineage belongs to the subclade C1bi, which contains 10 distinct mutations from C1b.[13]. Introduction. (This followed the publication of: Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS. Its expansion in East Asia is suggested to have started approximately 40,000 years ago.[2]. – Ireland, Scotland, England, USA, Poland, Russian, C4a1a2a – China (Han from Ili, Han from Hunan). C4c1b – Chippewa (Trempealeau in Wisconsin), C5-T16093C – Japan (Aichi), Han (Beijing). Zhang,A.M., Bandelt,H.J., Jia,X., Zhang,W., Li,S., Yu,D., Wang,D., Zhuang,X.Y., Zhang,Q., and Yao,Y.G., "Is Mitochondrial tRNA Variant m.593T>C a Synergistically Pathogenic Mutation in Chinese LHON Families with m.11778G>A?
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